Data Cleaning Case Study - 1152 Words

In business, data warehouse plays an important role that combine business activities and it consider the basement that support in taking the decision. Any kind of error in data can cause drawbacks and difficulties for business and that leads to getting negative results. Errors usually have reason stands behind, some errors occur during data collecting from different sources while others occur during transferring. So, one of the big challenges that face data warehouse is to ensure that data quality remains high. The process which use to introduce or process data with high quality called data cleaning. Data cleaning consider new in research area, and it highly coast specially for massive data, modern computers allowing us to perform data†¦show more content†¦For example, Wang have modern tool it can support data integrity analysis within the frame work TDQM. A large variety of tools is available on the market to support data transformation and data cleaning tasks, for data war ehousing Some tools concentrate on a specific domain, such as cleaning name and address data, or a specific cleaning phase, such as data analysis or duplicate elimination. Due to their restricted domain, specialized tools typically perform very well but must be complemented by other tools to address the broad spectrum of transformation and cleaning problems. Other tools like ETL tools, provide a comprehensive transformation and workflow capabilities to cover large part of the data transformation and cleaning process. A general problem of ETL tools is their limited interoperability due to proprietary application programming interfaces (API) and proprietary metadata formats making it difficult to combine the functionality of several tools. Tools for data analysis and data reengineering which process instance data to identify data errors and inconsistencies, and to derive corresponding cleaning transformations. Data cleaning approaches: Data cleaning usually have several stages Data analysis: in this phase, the type of error determined and the data inspected manually or data samples should use to gain metadata that relate to data properties and find data quality problems Definition of transformation work flow and mapping roles: based on theShow MoreRelatedThe Problems Encountered By Web Mining Essay1304 Words   |  6 Pagesnumber of problems or issues. Normally, web data is highly dimensional, limited query interfaces, keyword oriented search and limited customization to individual user. Due to this, it is very difficult to find the relevant information from the web which may create new issues. 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History: The active ingredient in household bleach is Sodium hypochlorite, and it was discovered by the French chemist Berthollet, in Javel on the outside of Paris, inRead MoreSolution To Carter Cleaning Company 1600 Words   |  7 PagesCarter Cleaning Company: Introduction Q.1. Jennifer asks that you make a list of five specific HR problems you think Carter Cleaning will have to grapple with. Answer: In my opinion, the carter Cleaning Company will have to face the following specific HR related problems. a) High Turnovers: One of the HR issues that the case deals with is high employees’ turnover rate. As mentioned in the case, the nature of job does not require higher skills and therefore most of the employees are unskilled. TheseRead MoreAnalysis Of Loyola University Chicago s Mission Statement896 Words   |  4 Pagesknowledge and awareness of the case study provided in class. Our Engaged Learning Community group was given the opportunity to participate with The Catholic Charity of Chicago, a group committed to help the less fortunate and the people with need of income. In accordance to Loyola’s mission, Catholic Charities helps the community regardless the background people seeking for assistance may come from. They are willing to provide assistance through funds, referrals, case managements, emergency shelterRead MoreDollar General Uses Integrated Software Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract The purpose of this paper is to analysis the case study â€Å"Dollar General Uses Integrated Software† The paper will seek to understand various issues concerning the implementation of the system as presented in the case study. It shall discuss the various facts concerning the implementation including the reasons for the needing the system,explaining why the old system created problems for Dollar general.The paper shall consider any alternatives to the software in order to reduce costs. It

William Golding s Lord Of The Flies - 1389 Words

A response to Lord Of The Flies Imagine an airplane crash. The heat of flames scorch passengers’ backs in addition to the wind burning their faces. Lucky, this crash was over water and near an island so most passengers survive, with an exception of the airplane staff and the pilot. Even though alive, many are in fits of fear and panic, and others are in shock. After hurried deliberation, a lone member of the group is elected leader in hopes that they will calm the panic, and make the hard, but necessary decisions. As if this isn’t hard enough to believe, now imagine each of the passengers as children ages 6 to 13. Boys to be exact. However hard to imagine, this scene is vividly brought to life in William Golding’s novel, Lord of the Flies. This book brings to light some important and challenging questions about differing leadership styles as well as good and ‘evil’ actions. Lord of the Flies, published in 1982 was written by William Golding. He begins with a scene similar to what I previously described. A plane full of boys are stranded on a deserted island. When, older member, Ralph is elected leader, it is hoped that he will have the knowledge to keep the group alive until they can be rescued. Ralph, in turn, creates rules, methods of being rescued (smoke signal), and daily responsibilities. These last for only a short time before most other members begin to ignore them. Jack, also an older member, slowly wins over many of the other boys’ trust with promises of meat,Show MoreRelatedWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1263 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper: Lord of the Flies William Golding, the author of Lord of The Flies, included adults for only a brief time throughout the novel, playing only a minor role at the end. The absence of adults exemplifies how children require the structure and guidance that only parents can provide, symbolically, how nations newly freed from the British Empire’s control would be better off under English colonial power to survive and maintain order before deteriorating into anarchy. The adults of theRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies752 Words   |  4 Pagespossible, so a five year old who teases others to Adolf Hitler would be classified as perpetrators of evil. Lord of the Flies is a fictional story about a group of British boys who get stranded on island. The author of the novel Lord of the Flies, William Golding, showcases Zimbardo’s ideas in his story. Zimbardo did not form his theory Through the character development of Jack and Roger, Golding illustrates the intensity of evil when one is impacted by situational forces. Before Ralph and Piggy unifiesRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1282 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Golding, the author of Lord of The Flies, included adults for only a brief time throughout the novel, playing only a minor role at the end. The absence of adults exemplifies how children require the structure and guidance that only parents can provide, this can be seen how nations newly freed from the British Empire’s control would be better off under English colonial power to survive and maintain order before deteriorating into anarchy. The adults of the novel can be seen as the motherRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1869 Words   |  8 PagesEssay Outline – Unit 11 Introductory paragraph: Topic Sentence (includes the book title and author) The novel Lord of the flies by William Golding is a type of literature that revolves around an anti-war theme. Main Points that will be discussed in the essay presented in order of weakest to strongest: 1. Lord of the flies was written during WWII and one of the manifestations is the dead man in the parachute presumably a victim of a bombed plane. 2. Faction among the group which is similar toRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1315 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Golding’s novel Lord of the Flies was set somewhere on the timeline of World War Two, a war between the Axis and the Allies lasting from 1939 until 1945. Although WWII was fought between many countries in the Pacific and Europe, the main contender was Germany, led by Adolf Hitler. Hitler and his followers, the Nazis, changed the lives of everyone when they attempted to strengthen Germany and brought out all the evil and ugliness in the world. After WWII, nothing would be able to change theRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies886 Words   |  4 Pageshow to live their lives not knowing what s right or wrong. Everyone has a different opinion towards different things. Some say gun laws should be banned while some say they want a gun in their house. In Lord of the Flies by William Golding there are clear aspects of leadership shown within the charact erization between Jack and Ralph. I m chief, said Ralph, because you chose me. And we were going to keep the fire going. Now you run after food- (Golding 150). There is evident conflict between theRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1672 Words   |  7 Pages The Different Social Cognition of the Similar Stories — Synthesis essay of Lord of the Flies Final Project With the development of British culture, the format of Desert Island Literature has an inevitable connection with the geographical and culture heritage of the development of British history. Generally speaking, the setting of such literature is basically around an isolated island which is far from human society. The characters usually follow a primary lifestyle so that illustrate the courageRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1745 Words   |  7 Pages1954 novel, Lord of the Flies by Nobel Prize-winner William Golding is a dystopian allegory indicative of vast aspects of the human condition. Set in the midst of a nuclear war, the text details a group of marooned British school boys as they regress to a primitive state. Free from the rules and structures of civilisation and society, the boys split into factions - some attempting to maintain order and achieve common goals; others seeking anarchy and violence. The novel is based on Golding’s experienceRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1776 Words   |  8 PagesMaybe the beast is us (Golding 85), in the novel, Lord of the Flies, by author William Golding, Golding uses the entire book as social commentary. The social aspect he focuses on is man’s ability to be evil and destructive. William Golding uses three specific literary devices to convey this idea; characterization, diction and symbolism. Lord of the Flies explains man s capacity for evil which is revealed in his inherent human nature, which he cannot control or ignore. The hidden evil withinRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1444 Words   |  6 PagesInterviewer Let’s talk about William Golding and his most famous book, Lord of the Flies, in which a group of British schoolboys - aged from around 6-12 - become stranded on an island, and quickly begin their descent into chaos. Today, I am joined by literarian and William Golding expert, Lara Caglar. Expert Hi, Vanessa, it’s a pleasure to be here Interviewer Together, we will be discussing the question on everyone’s minds, what happened to Golding that led him to have such an incredibly negative

East of Eden by John Steinbeck Essay Free Essays

Published in 1952. East of Eden is a fresh written by John Steinbeck. a Nobel victor ) . We will write a custom essay sample on East of Eden by John Steinbeck Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It tells the narrative of the intertwined lives of two families- the Trasks and the Hamiltons amidst a background of California’s Salinas Valley ( Steinbeck. 2003 ) . The novel follows the narratives of these two American households from the Civil War to World War I ( 2003 ) . It is said that the novel. which was published 10 old ages before Steinbeck received a Novel. drew inspiration from the Bible and was dedicated to Steinbeck’s sons- Thom and John IV ( Pearson. 1995 ) . The rubric itself was culled from a Biblical poetry. picturing Cain as he set out in the land of Nod. E of Eden ( Genesis 4: 16 New International Version ) . Told in third-person point of position by a storyteller who sometimes offers notes. swings among characters’ vantage points and even suspends the narrative with snippings of human history. East of Eden tackles the cosmopolitan subject of good vs. immorality. the autumn of Adam and Eve and the acrimonious hostility of Abel and Cain. Dramatizing the social wickednesss of Salinas Valley and the single members of the Trask and Hamilton kins. the novel aims to decide the quandary on how evil may be overcome by pick. Crossing the period between the American Civil War and the terminal of the First World War. it dovetails the lives of two brothers- the soft Adam and the unsmooth Charles. Adam marries the intriguing Cathy who deceives him and ran off with Charles on the dark of their nuptials ( Steinbeck. 2003 ) . After giving birth to duplicate male childs. Aron and Cal. Cathy leaves her kids to Adam and returns to a life of orgy. The competition between the siblings reignites as they vie for their father’s attending and blessing ( 2003 ) . The narrative is beautiful and revolting as it unravels the cosmopolitan job adult male has to face: choose to be good or remain on the dark side. The tone is drab. philosophical and possibly even propitious. Showing how celebrated as a author should be. Steinbeck is able to make characters with assorted piques. contrasting them realistically as possible. polar antonyms as one may state. There is Adam. who may really good be the original of good purposes and Cathy. the intriguing cocotte whom Adam fell in love with. It is besides Adam who has been deceived the most. reminiscent of the treachery of the snake in the scriptural Eden. The novel is peppered with sunglassess of Cain and Abel. In the same vena. the torment of parental rejection. an issue touched with the narrative of the scriptural brothers. is once more explored in the novel. like the credence of Adam’s puppy gift and the rejection of Charles’ knife gift. reminiscent of Abel’s accepted gift and the rejection of Cain. Cyrus Trask favored Adam over Charles. for no distinguishable ground. Subsequently on. Adam repeats the rhythm with his ain boies. prefering Aron over Cal. Throughout the novel. the tenseness is tangible. giving the reader the proper stimulation to go on reading. It besides helps that the scene. Salinas Valley is really a existent topographic point. giving a matter-of-fact voice to the novel. The words used by Steinbeck are easy to read and understand. and is non loaded with so many symbols that would do the reader spend 98 % calculating out what the symbols stood for instead than allowing the words flow and hold oning its kernel. There are no flowery words. either. This is a good mark on the portion of Steinbeck. leting the readers to grok the effect without ensuing in a caput aching. The flow of the narrative is besides applaudable. particularly as it expands from 1860 to 1918. The incorporation of â€Å"timshel† is besides appropriate. strengthening the subject of good winning over evil. of human doing the power to make up one’s mind. East of Eden is grounded in pragmatism and the handling of good and evil may be simple but it speaks one cosmopolitan truth: that there is good and there is evil and that human existences are flawed. possibly influenced by their cistrons or shaped by fortunes. but they have the pick whether to follow that footfall and reiterate the error or do their ain waies and interrupt the rhythm. Mentions Pearson. P. ( 1995 ) . East of Eden. Retrieved February 17. 2009. from National Steinbeck Center Website: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Steinbeck. org. hypertext markup language Steinbeck. J. ( 2003 ) . East of Eden. New York: Penguin Books. How to cite East of Eden by John Steinbeck Essay, Essay examples

Flower Shop Mobile Application

Question: Discuss about the Report for Flower Shop Mobile Application. Answer: 1. Objectives, Output and Targets: Objectives: The application will automatically determine the nearest flower shop to the user. The location of the user will be accessed automatically. The complete purchase of the user will be calculated. On the basis of the purchase history of the user offers will be provided to the user. The review of other users will be included in the system. Every user can provide feedback after the completion of the purchase, include delivery of the product. Faceted and layered navigation is provided to the user. The application will notify the user if the most bought products are available in the stores. Outputs: Better and efficient navigation through the application. Better customer service. Making the consumer more loyal. Better delivery of the products. Providing more information along with consumer perspective on each product. Targets: More engagement of the user. Bung from remote location with more efficiency. Making the system more reliable. Making full potential of the database. Success Criteria: Enhancing the consumer request completion. Upgrading the consumer satisfaction more than hundred percent. Automatic generation of the consumer purchase report. Keeping the user more connected with the application. Providing delivery within less time. Delivery to any location which lies within range within thirty minutes. Design Aims: The navigation will be planned in such as way that the users can navigate through the products in most possible less time. The application will consist of an option in the menu called your location to recognize the location where the product to be delivered currently. The application will include two default addresses regarding each user. In addition to that, the last selected location in your location option will also be saved. At the time of purchasing product among the three locations one has to be selected by the user. Each employee will provide two kind of feedback. One will be visible to all the users and one will be sent to only organization. The review on products will be visible on the individual product page. The feedback on delivery will be accessed by the organization to improve the quality of service. Storing the purchase activity so that the purchase pattern of the employee can be recognized. Moreover, the most bought products will be promoted along with the most popular products. Outline of the Proposed Design: A separate relation in the database will be created. In the relation the entities will be users and products unique identity number, date of purchase, total payment and many more. Through these relations the transaction of every purchase can be tracked easily. Along with that, which consumer bought which products most can be recognized. The transaction related sensitive details will be stored in other relation which will be more secured. Only the transaction unique number will be present in the relation. The Google map intergradations will assist in developing the application in such a way that the location of the user can be tracked. It will allow the user not to enter the locations other than the default ones remotely. The default locations will be the home and work place. It will be created at the time of the registration. These two locations are modifiable. After completion of purchase, a screen will appear which will ask the user to provide feedback on the service and product. As soon as the user inputs the review, the view of the user regarding the product will be updated in the product page. For both types of the feedback, separate relations will be generated. Offers will be garneted and inputted by the system administrator. There will be terms and policies in terms of the offers. The application will automatically compare the information regarding each user with the terms and conditions of the offers and provide the offers to the eligible ones. Notifications regarding offers will be garneted in the mobile phones of the user. Proposed Evaluation Method: The changes in the application will be carried out one by one. These changes in the application will be called as alpha version of the application (Patwardhan et al., 2016). These will be tested and integrated by the test team. At end of the successful testing of all the alpha versions a beta version of the application will be generated and to be used by the employee of the origination. Their feedback will be collected to make the application perfect (Mahalakshmi Sundararajan, 2013). References: Mahalakshmi, M., Sundararajan, M. (2013). Traditional SDLC Vs Scrum MethodologyA Comparative Study.International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,3(6), 192-196. Patwardhan, A., Kidd, J., Urena, T., Rajgopalan, A. (2016). Embracing Agile methodology during DevOps Developer Internship Program.arXiv preprint arXiv:1607.01893. Bibliography: Einav, L., Levin, J., Popov, I., Sundaresan, N. (2014). Growth, adoption, and use of mobile E-commerce.The American economic review,104(5), 489-494. Harper, D. M. (2014). The Integration of Google Maps into American Kestrel, Falco sparvarius, Nest Trail Programs. Joseph, A., Divya, V. R., Mathew, L. S. (2016). Fake Product Detection and Reputation System for E-commerce. Lee, Y. J., Trevathan, J., Atkinson, I., Read, W. (2015). The Integration, Analysis and Visualization of Sensor Data from Dispersed Wireless Sensor Network Systems Using the SWE Framework.Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, (4), 86.

Home Burial Essays (240 words) - Literature, Poetry, Death Customs

Home Burial Robert Frost's Home Burial is a narrative poem that speaks of life's tragedies. Robert Frost's writing style is very straight-forward and direct. In Home Burial the setting appears to be the background of a tragedy that centers around the death of a child. It is important for the reader to recognize that Home Burial was pubished in 1914. That gives the reader a better insight to understand the husband's reaction to the death of the child. During this time period Society dictated that men should not show their true feelings. Therefore, men tended to have dealt with conflicts by working hard and being domineering. Home Burial demonstrates how one tragedy can cause another to occur. There are three different tragedies that transpire throughout this poem. The first tragedy is the burial of the child. The second tragedy is the burial of the marriage. Finally, the most symbolic and ironic tragedy is the burial of the home. Because of unfortunate circumstances the three things closely associated with this home becomes buried. All of these tragedies occurred as a result of the child's burial. This couple's marriage could not survive such an emotional loss. Therefore the marriage becomes buried. When the marriage became buried the home became its own burial spot for this family's life. Home Burial tells a tale of tragedy in one family's life. Robert Frost portrayed a very realistic chain reaction to tragedy in Home Burial Poetry Essays

Composite Volcano (Stratovolcano) Facts

Composite Volcano (Stratovolcano) Facts There are several different types of volcanoes, including shield volcanoes, composite volcanoes, dome volcanoes, and cinder cones. However, if you ask a child to draw a volcano, youll almost always get a picture of a composite volcano. The reason? Composite volcanoes form the steep-sided cones most often seen in photographs. They are also associated with the most violent, historically-important eruptions. Key Takeaways: Composite Volcano Composite volcanoes, also called stratovolcanoes, are cone-shaped volcanoes built from many layers of lava, pumice, ash, and tephra.Because they are built of layers of viscous material, rather than fluid lava, composite volcanoes tend to form tall peaks rather than rounded cones. Sometimes the summit crater collapses to form a caldera.Composite volcanoes are responsible for the most catastrophic eruptions in history.So far, Mars is the only place in the solar system besides Earth known to have stratovolcanoes. Composition Composite volcanoes – also called stratovolcanoes – are named for their composition. These volcanoes are built from layers, or strata, of pyroclastic material, including lava, pumice, volcanic ash, and tephra. The layers stack on each other with each eruption. The volcanoes form steep cones, rather than rounded shapes, because the magma is viscous. Composite volcano magma is felsic, which means it contains silicate-rich minerals rhyolite, andesite, and dacite. Low viscosity lava from a shield volcano, such as might be found in Hawaii, flows from fissures and spreads. Lava, rocks, and ash from a stratovolcano either flow a short distance from the cone or else explosively eject into the air before falling back down toward the source. Formation Stratovolcanoes form at subduction zones, where one plate at a tectonic boundary is pushed below another. This may be where the oceanic crust slips below an oceanic plate (e.g., Japan, Aleutian Islands) or where the oceanic crust is drawn below the continental crust (e.g., the Andes mountains, the Cascades). Subduction occurs when two convergent tectonic plates collide with each other. jack0m / Getty Images Water is trapped in porous basalt and minerals. As the plate sinks to greater depths, temperature and pressure rise until a process called dewatering occurs. Release of water from hydrates lowers the melting point of rock in the mantle. Melted rock rises because it is less dense than solid rock, becoming magma. As magma ascends, lessening pressure allows volatile compounds to escape from solution. Water, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and chlorine gas exert pressure. Finally, the rocky plug over a vent pops open, producing an explosive eruption. Location Composite volcanoes tend to occur in chains, with each volcano several kilometers from the next. The Ring of Fire in the Pacific consists of stratovolcanoes. Famous examples of composite volcanoes include Mount Fuji in Japan, Mount Rainier and Mount St. Helens in Washington State, and Mayon Volcano in the Philippines. Notable eruptions include that of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD (which destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum) and that of Pintaubo in 1991, which ranks as one of the biggest eruptions of the 20th century. Most composite volcanoes occur in a region called the Ring of Fire. Gringer To date, composite volcanoes have only been found on one other body in the solar system: the planet Mars. Zephyria Tholus on Mars is believed to be an extinct stratovolcano. Eruptions and Their Consequences Composite volcano magma isnt fluid enough to flow around obstacles and exit as a river of lava. Instead, a stratovolcanic eruption is sudden and destructive. Superheated toxic gases, ash, and hot debris are forcefully ejected, often with little warning. Lava bombs present another hazard. These molten chunks of rock may be the size of small stones up to the size of a bus. Most of these bombs dont explode, but their mass and velocity cause destruction comparable to that from an explosion. Composite volcanoes also produce lahars. A lahar is a mix of water with volcanic debris. Lahars are basically volcanic landslides down the steep slope, traveling so quickly that they are difficult to escape. Nearly a third of a million people have been killed by volcanoes since 1600. Most of these deaths are attributed to stratovolcanic eruptions. Semeru Volcano in Indonesia is an active stratovolcano. Photography by Mangiwau / Getty Images Death and property damage arent the only consequences of composite volcanoes. Because they eject matter and gases into the stratosphere, they affect weather and climate. Particulates released by composite volcanoes yield colorful sunrises and sunsets. Although no crashes have been attributed to volcanic eruptions, the explosive debris from composite volcanoes poses a risk to air traffic. Sulfur dioxide released into the atmosphere can form sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid clouds can produce acid rain, plus they block sunlight and cool temperatures. The eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815 produced a cloud that lowered global temperatures 3.5  °C (6.3  °F), leading to the 1816 year without a summer in North America and Europe. The worlds biggest extinction event may have been due, at least in part, to stratovolcanic eruptions. A group of volcanoes named the Siberian Traps released massive amounts of greenhouse gases and ash, starting 300,000 years before the end-Permian mass extinction and concluding half a million years after the event. Researchers now hold the eruptions as the principal cause for the collapse of 70 percent of terrestrial species and 96 percent of marine life. Sources BroÃ… ¾, P.; Hauber, E. (2012). A unique volcanic field in Tharsis, Mars: Pyroclastic cones as evidence for explosive eruptions. Icarus. 218: 88. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.11.030Decker, Robert Wayne; Decker, Barbara (1991). Mountains of Fire: The Nature of Volcanoes. Cambridge University Press. p. 7. ISBN 0-521-31290-6.Miles, M. G.; Grainger, R. G.; Highwood, E. J. (2004). The significance of volcanic eruption strength and frequency for climate (PDF). Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 130: 2361–2376. doi:10.1256/qj.03.60Sigurà °sson, Haraldur, ed. (1999). Encyclopedia of Volcanoes. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-643140-X.Stephen E. Grasby, Hamed Sanei, Benoit Beauchamp.  Catastrophic dispersion of coal fly ash into oceans during the latest Permian extinction.  Nature Geoscience, 2011; doi:10.1038/ngeo1069

Visiting remote destinations should be made more difficult not easier Essay

Visiting remote destinations should be made more difficult not easier - Essay Example Human impacts on remote destinations are often difficult to notice but quick to create a ripple effect in the Earth’s ecosystem. However, limited access does not mean that their destruction is okay. All efforts must be made to ensure that access to remote destinations is controlled so that our immediate environs are conserved (Bolger 27). The objective should be to protect that which is far so that the closest things to us can flourish and continue supporting us. This paper will argue that access to remote destinations should be restricted, not encouraged. Human impact on the environment goes beyond our immediate environs. Like the Earth, the environment is expansive and relative (Polunin 63). For example, mangroves and marshes are not uniformly distributed around the world, so protecting them may not be a priority for some. This might explain why inhabitants of the Himalayas strive to protect the ecosystem while others view its conservation with less concern (Richards 18). However, when considered as a whole, the environment is composed of numerous interconnect ecosystems which form a single entity. When snow peaks in the Himalayas melt the whole world is affected, though relatively. For example, the Himalayan bio-diversity region covers a large area with a unique climate of its own. It has 765 wild animals, 816 species of trees, and 1,745 species of medicinal flora with huge significance and value (Rayaz 16). The Marianas and the Mariana Trench, which have unique flora and fauna, are visited every year by explorers interested in the area’s geological features (Huang and Shih 42). However, some of the methods used in exploration and descents are harmful to the ecosystem and may have long-term negative impacts. The Mariana Trench has been proposed as a nuclear waste disposal site (in a manner similar to other oceanic trenches), which is unsurprising given that humans like to take advantage of remote

International Financial management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

International Financial management - Essay Example From here, the borrowed money must be converted into to home currency or pounds sterling using the current spot rate of 1.2834because the company is assumed to invest what it has borrowed to earn interest at UK at 4%. Thus, the future value will be the total amount at  £393,447.48 will be received from the foreign exchange transaction at the end of six months. Also, when it is time to pay the foreign currency loan, it will use the foreign currency money it receives from its customer to pay such loan. Method I is an example of money market hedge where the current spot rate is the only relevant rate and fluctuations in spot rate in the future is not relevant. This can be done by borrowing foreign currency money at a fixed rate at the strength of future receipt of foreign currency. Method 2 on the other hand makes of forward exchange hedge. Note that the exchange rate that is relevant this time is the forward rate as it will determine the cash inflow that the company will receive in the future. Thus, the current spot rate and the subsequent fluctuations in spot rates during the period of six months are irrelevant. At the date of the contract is entered upon, there are no cash outflows or inflows involved. The cash inflow will happen at the end of the forward contract which is after six months. At six-month time, the company will give to the bank the 500,000 euros that it will receive from its customer. The bank in turn will give to the company the amount of 500,000 euros converted into the forward rate it has agreed with the company. Comparing the value to be received in Method 1 at  £393,447.48 as against  £392,003.14 to be received under the Method, there is evidence to choose the former at will give a net advantage of  £1,444.34 . The international risks that company faces in relation to changes in foreign exchange rates are divided

Introduction to comparative ethnic study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Introduction to comparative ethnic study - Essay Example The main facet considered is the training of individuals from different backgrounds and enhancing their competency. There is a haggle on the ability of a particular group to break from the bonds of their racial notions. Individuals are yet to gauge the effect of eliminating the curricula from schools and its effects in the society. To be more specific, there is a question on whether the trained youths and their trainers would maintain and implement the content they have learned. Nonetheless, an undisputable fact has resulted showing that the youth learns faster band readily practice their gains than the aged. This means that the youth are ready to abandon the race and gender biases that had been prioritized previously. There is a particular age considered critical and in which people are allowed by the constitution to make autonomous decisions such as voting and defending their land. The main focus should be on one’s ability to make substantial decisions without dangers in their impacts. Then it would be logical to understand that that the courageous conversations involved in the curriculum might be responsible for higher extent emotions that might be detrimental or accompany surprising responses but this does not mean they should be eliminated. Greenberg, Jon. Op-ed: Removing Courageous Conversations from Center School’s race and gender course is outrageous. The Seattle Times. March 12, 2013. Retrieved on April 17th 2013 from

Managing Financial Resources Decision Making Finance Essay

Managing Financial Resources Decision Making Finance Essay Preface I have written this assignment mainly to complete course requirement of HND 1st semester. My assignment is related to the subject named as Managing Financial Resources and Decision Making. I collected most information for this assignment from internet, my course book and mostly from the notes that I had collected from class lectures. Though I suffered bit difficulties in completing this assignment but it was pretty interesting and full of experience. I hope my work will be esteemed. Scenario: Mr. Javed wants to invest 5 million in a business project in Pakistan. Some of his friends are willing to invest their capital with Mr. Javed but Mr. Javed does not want to have partnership with someone. My advice: There are three types of businesses available for Mr. Javed which includes sole proprietorship, partnership and corporation. Sole proprietorship: (one owner) It is a form of business which is run and managed by single person. Explanation: It does not mean that sole proprietorship type of business will not have workers or assistants; it may have workers or assistants. In partnership profit or loss belongs to the owner. In such type of business the owner of the business is taxed not the business. Advantages: Such type of business is less expensive. Usually this type of business does not require a lot of legal formalities. Disadvantages: liabilities are unlimited that is personal assets can be claimed. Owner cannot leave business for long time that you cannot go for holidays etc because the business is totally dependent to the owner. Life of the business depends upon the life of the owner. Partnership: (two or more owners) As its name indicates it is such type of business in which two or more owners are involved. Explanation: partnership is basically an agreement, this can be written or verbal there is not rule from the government that agreement of partnership should be written but mostly owners prefer written agreement. In partnership business profit and loss and distributed among partners according to the agreement. In such type of business the owners of the business are taxed not the business. Advantages: It does not require a lot of legal formalities. Life of the business can be certain that it depends upon the agreement and partners. Less amount of capital is required to run such business. Disadvantage: Decision making is difficult in such type of business. Too many conflicts may rise in such type of business. Liabilities are unlimited which means that personal assets can be claimed. Corporation: (company) It is such type of business in two or more than two owners are involved, it is an artificial person, companys ownership is different from management. Explanation: In such type of business owner is called as shareholder and shareholder provide capital for running this business. The business is run by managers which are selected by Board of Directors and Managers. Profit and loss is distributed among shareholders, which is called as dividend. In corporation type of business, business is taxed not the owners. Advantages: Owner is can be easily transfer by selling shares. Life of the business does not depend upon the life of the owner. Liabilities are limited, personal assets cannot be claimed. Disadvantages: So many legal formalities are required to run this business. Formation of this business is very difficult. Large amount of capital is required to run this business. Due to retain earning shareholders confidence may loss because shareholders want more dividends. Business which I have selected for Mr. Javed: Keeping in mind that Mr. Javed does not want to have partnership business. So I prefer Mr. Javed to start a business of sole proprietor because as I mentioned above it is easy to start, no legal formalities are required and less amount of capital is required. So I have come up with an idea of opening an educational institute, which should provide HND (Business) and HND (Computing) in Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa Pakistan, because number competitors are less and demand is getting higher day by day. HNDs studying formation is different and interesting as compared to the education system of Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa. Mr. Javed will need more amount of 3 million for this project. There are some factors which will ensure success of this project which are discussed below. Factors which are important for the profitability: There are different factors which clearly show that this project is worth to start and is profitable. Some factors are given below. Advertisement: Advertisement plays great role in the success of any project before starting this projects people should be informed about this institute by advertising through T.V and billboards and through flyers etc. Special events of institute like parties and funfair etc should also be advertised by various methods. Choosing location: Choosing an appropriate location is the key to the success of this project. The building should be good. Location for this project should not be in such place where reaching for student is hard. Class rooms of institute: Classes should be well equipped with modern technologies that is should have good quality multi-media, well furniture for the students etc which will satisfy and increase interest of students. Staff: The main thing in this project is the selecting of the staff. Mr. Javed should hire well qualified teachers. Because it teacher who run an intuition. Staff on institute should visit each class regularly, because absentees will disappoint students. Reasonable fees: This institute should have reasonable fee. At the beginning institute must have as low fee as possible in order to compete competitors. Fee prices shouldnt be so high that people avoid this institute. Institute can increase fee with the passage of time. Scholarships: Institute should issue scholarship to the bright students this will attract more students toward institute and there should be extra curriculum activities in institute. Sports and Library: Institute should be limited to studies only there should be proper arrangement for the sports activities for the student so that they dont feel institute boring and there should well standard library in the institute which should have all the related course books and other books as well. Other facilities: Institute must have canteen in institute which should sell neat and clean foods and beverages, there should be internet facility in institute so that students face no problem in new researches. Different parties should be arranged by the institute because parties and different seminars attract students. Task for P1: Sources of finance defined: Basically there are two main sources of finance internal sources of finance and external sources of finance .Sources of finance means from where to make capital (money) in order to run business. There are different sources of finance which are explained below. Internal sources of finance: Definitely before starting business the owner will have some capital (money), it is not really mean cash but it also include building, machinery etc which is called as internal source. The more you have internal source less will be the burden of loan on the owner. (GCSE business studies Finance and Accounting) External sources of finance: It involves sources which are not owned by the owner like bank, government grant, and loan from friends, leasing, factoring etc. (GCSE business studies Finance and Accounting) Sources of finance available for Mr. Javed: There are different sources of finance available for Mr. Javed which is discussed below. Loan from Banks: Banks are external sources of finance. Banks in return takes interest on loan. Bank will provide you loan on the basis of four factors. Character: Bank will analyze your previous record like how have you been in returning loan of taken before. You character is checked. Collateral: Banks ask security for loan that is if tomorrow you are not capable of returning loan the will take that particular thing which you provided for loan security. Example bank will take legal document of land, building etc. Conditions: While taking loan from bank they might impost some legal condition of borrower like if you take loan from our bank you will not take loan from another bank till our loan is returned. Commitment: The bank checks the purpose of the loan. Banks will not give you loan for running illegal businesses. Banks overdraft: Short loan for a short period of time from loan is called as bank over drafting. The banks do charge you some interest on it and bank may impose some of their policies. Borrowing from individual: It involves taking loan from your colleagues, friends or relative which is called as borrowing from individuals. Individual in return takes interest. Individuals may provide you loan on below factors. Loan will returned within sound time. They charge interest. Franchising: When a successful business gives it patent and slogan to new business. This is called as franchising. There are two parties involved in franchising which is explained below. Franchisee: Franchisee is a party who uses patent and slogan. Franchiser: Franchiser is a party which provides patent and slogan. Leasing: Leasing is another source of finance. It is basically a contract between two persons, lessor and the lessee. Lessor: Lessor is the owner of the asset. Lessee: A person who uses asset is called as lessee. Explanation: It is used in such conditions when the person needs asset for some time and the agreement is established by lessor and lessee. There are two types of leasing. Operating lease: It is that type of lease which is for short period of time. Finance lease: Leasing for long period of time is called as finance leasing. Lessee is supposed to be the owner of the asset till the leasing agreement. Grants: When government provides asset, capital etc to our business this is called as grants. Government provides us grants when our business is helpful to society like providing employment for society etc. Factoring: It is that source of finance in which third is involved. This is called as factor organization. Basically it provides money against the security of invoices (client debtors). Factor organization provides you capital (money) up to 80% of the invoice value. Factor organization takes control of managing invoices. Example: A orders goods from B on credit. When B needs money, it will consult factor organization. So B will give its invoice to factor organization. After this B will be given 80% of the invoice then factor organization will take control of invoice. Invoice discounting: Concept of invoice discounting is as same as factoring but the only difference in factoring and invoice discounting is that in invoice discounting it does not have control of managing clients invoices. Hire purchase: (HP) It is also source of finance. When an individual or businesses buy goods on credit and pay money on installments is called as hire purchase. It is also consist of three parties which are. Finance manager Hire purchaser Supplier Hire purchase is similar to leasing, the only difference in leasing and hire purchase is that after completing installments of hire purchase you become owner of that good etc, while in leasing you do not become owner of that good etc after paying complete money. Debt securities: Securities are general term used for a promise to repay the debts. The company which provides security over debts is called as debentures. They are basically like a company takes loan from an individual. The company will repay the debt with interest in a certain time in the future. Both individuals and investors can use debt securities. Task for P2: Advantages and disadvantages of the sources of finance: There are different advantages and disadvantages of different sources of finance which are discussed below. Load from bank: Advantages: Banks may provide good amount of loan on the basis of your project. Banks also provide loans for long time. If borrower pays loaned amount before due date, banks may provide borrower with discount like decrease in interest rate etc. Disadvantages: Too much paper work is required to take loan from bank. Borrower must provide security for loan. Security provided for the loan can be taken as banks property if loaned amount is not paid. If loan borrower fails to payback loan on time interest rate may be increased by the bank. Loan from individuals: Advantages: It is simple and easily acquirable. Borrower does not need to provide security on taking loan. Lender may extend due date of paying back loan by negotiation of borrower. Personal assets can be claimed if loaned amount is not paid. Loan must be paid on time. Clashed may arise on late payment. Debt securities: Advantages: Company gains a lot of profit. Investors get profit by taking interests. In debt securities there a benefits of tax as well. Disadvantages: The investor will have to be given interest whether the company is in loss or in profit. Investor will be given their money on the time which is fixed in agreement. Banks overdrafts: Advantages: Too much paper work is not required by taking overdrafts from bank. Bank overdraft is good for short period of time. You dont need to give bank security while taking overdrafts from bank. Disadvantages: You can only take specific amount of overdraft which is provided by the bank. The bank may implement some of their policies like interest rate or specific time to give back over drafted amount. Bank might charge you on providing facility of overdraft. Hire Purchase: Advantages: Purchaser becomes owner of the asset after completing installments. After installments purchaser become owner of the asset. Disadvantages: Usually price of goods or assets are higher as compared to original price in hire purchase. Purchaser is not supposed to be the owner of the goods or assets till the completion of complete payment. If payment is not given lender can retake goods or assets back from hire purchaser. Leasing: Advantages: Lessee is supposed to be owner of the leased asset or good till the leasing agreement. Lessee gets the required asset or good without paying complete amount at a time. Inflation does not affect leasing because agreement once done cannot be changed until agreement date is finished. Disadvantages: Lessee does not become owner of the leased asset or good after paying complete amount as said in agreement. Leasing rates may vary after agreement is finished. Lessor does not have the right to change or to finish agreement before its finished date. Grants: Advantages: Grants are free. Grants do not require to be paid back. Disadvantages: Grants not given without proper rules and regulations. Difficult to achieve grants because they have tough competitors. Factoring: Advantages: Large amount of capital (money) is gained in short time. Factor organization takes control of clients invoices. This system helps in controlling cash flow problems and helps in maintaining good business Disadvantages: Clients usually do not like this source because factor organization will take payments from them. Factor organization charges interest and fees on providing services. Privacy becomes nil because clients invoices becomes invoices of factor organization. Franchising: Advantages: Franchisee does not need to spend money on advertisement and promotion. Franchisers cannot make another franchisee, where one franchisee is situated. Franchisee does not need to worry about customers because franchiser already has customers. Disadvantages: It is quite expensive. Franchisee will run business as guided by the franchisors. Franchisor might stop doing business in the future. Task for P3: Sources of finance which are viable for Mr. Javed: Mr. Javed will need finance of rupees 3 million more because in order to make this project successful Mr. Javed must have good amount of capital. .Plus Mr. Javed will need to take a building for institute will cost too much money. There are different sources of finance available for Mr. Javed, but most feasible sources for this project are Bank loan: Mr. Javed will need more amount of 3 million so the best source can be bank. Because banks offer loan for long time. Leasing: Leasing is important for Mr. Javed because for this project land (building) is important so buying building will cost Mr. Javed a lot so instead of buying building its better to lease building. Task for M1: Justifications and implications of advised sources: Bank Loan: Bank provides loan of large capital (Money). Loan can be taken from bank for long period of time. If the project earns profit by giving loan back to bank before due date Mr. Javed can get discount as well. Once you start relationship with bank, bank can further help you with more amount of money. Bank might offer Mr. Javed for partnership which will take place by will of Mr. Javed. Bank also provides discount in interest rate by paying loaned amount before due time. Leasing: It will be cheaper as compared to buy building for the project. Leasing is easily accessible. Building for leasing can be found everywhere Mr. Javed wants. If Mr. Javed earns profit if he wants to buy the leased building he can but this will take place after the will of lessor. Instead of buying building leasing is better because if Mr. Javed wants to shift his institute to somewhere else he would easily do that without having tension of selling bought building.

The Space Race and the Apollo Program in 1968 :: American History Essays

The Space Race and the Apollo Program in 1968 I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before the decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space, and none will be so difficult or so expensive to accomplish. These words, uttered by President John F. Kennedy in May 1961 brought forth a new era in American history, the idea of sending a man to the moon. Only seven years later, in 1968, did America finally prepare to meet Kennedy’s deadline with the Apollo 7 and 8 missions. Recovering from the tragic fire of Apollo 1 in 1967, Apollo 7 put the Space program back on track. Only two months later, Apollo 8 led the first voyage around the Moon. These missions drew America’s goal for a lunar landing closer and took the Soviet Union out of the Cold War’s so-called "Space Race." The origins of the Cold War can be traced to the conclusion of World War II. Beginning with the Yalta Convention in 1945, and continuing with the Potsdam Conference later that year, the United States and the United Soviet Socialist Republic became embittered with each other over the division of Europe. This was a direct result of capitalism and communism with the blockade of Germany, the support of Communism in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Turkey and Greece and the refusal of Soviet forces to demobilize. Soon, the argument turned to America’s use of the atomic bomb in Japan in August 1945. The Soviets at first highly commended America for hastening Japan’s surrender but then repudiated it several weeks later. They claimed that it destroyed the balance of power between the two great world powers. By the early 1950’s, the focus shifted from the dilemmas in Europe to an even bigger threat, the threat of nuclear war. Both the US and the USSR claimed supremacy in Nuclear t echnology, specifically, the Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM). However, events changed permanently on October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik I, the first successful orbiting satellite. The United States immediately reacted to the launch by claiming it would have been first in launching a satellite had it not been for planning mistakes. After the launch of Sputnik II in November 1957, the United States made its first public reaction.

IBP Wicked Problem

Discuss how the issues associated with broken food systems might be understood as a wicked problem. The notions of social wicked problems were first introduced in 1973 by Ritter and Webber; two Berkeley professors who published an article in Policy Sciences, that identified the characteristics that differentiated wicked problems from ordinary problems (Camellias 2008). Ritter and Weeper's article provided 10 properties that can be used as a guide to recognizing whether an issue is considered Wicked'.With the instant increasing global population, issues surrounding food production and distributed have come to light, raising the questions; is the world's food system broken? And is it a wicked problem? Studies have shown that currently the global food transport system is growing faster than the food production industry itself (Trochaic, et al 2012). Food demand is becoming a major issue among nations, and is only set to continue in the coming years, with an estimated 50% increase by 203 0 (Trochaic, et al 2012).Over consumption in the developed world has become a real issue for poorer nations who re struggling to provide basic food provisions for their people, Richard Black identifies that major governments need to start acting sooner rather than later. â€Å"We have to go beyond GAP; and either we can do it voluntarily or we'll have to do it because pressure on a finite planet will in the end make us† (Black, 2012). Adding to this, is the fact that up to 50% of food is lost in transportation, highlighting the huge amount of food wastage occurring, which if cut down would help to ease up the demand and supply chain (Law, 2011).Climate change and natural disasters are another factor contributing to the food yester crisis. As the world increases its trading and relies more on this system, elements affecting one major provider are felt globally. A catastrophic drought in Russia caused global wheat prices to rise 70% higher in 2011 compared to the previous year; causing major issues for the world's poorest people, who spend 80% of their income on food (Ford, 2011).Climate change caused by humans and natural disasters add more elements to the food system predicament, further complicating the search for solutions. The first famine of the 21st century occurred in Somalia, with experts stating that this would have never happened as humans are producing enough food to feed the world twice over (Law, 2011). The report highlights how the disaster could have been prevented through early warning systems, and a quicker response time.Archie Law brings to light two major issues contributing to the famine; one being the removal of major funding in the agricultural field; governments ignoring this need for more agriculture are simply setting up for future disaster. The second major issue is the use of land; Saudi Arabians emptied their aquifers growing wheat and can longer deed themselves. They are now purchasing land in developing countries to grow the ir own food supply (Law, 2011). This power play of rich nations adds the issue of politics into the food system, with those with the most money always coming out on top (Maxwell, 2012).Aid is not enough to fix this issue; more must be done to help the people to help themselves (Karri, 2005). The world's food system is clearly broken and needs to be addressed on a global scale. There is no definite formulation of this complex problem and the search for solutions never stops. The many elements making up this complex issue are all unique and no solution can bring a 100% fix, adding to this is the amount of stakeholders who have different opinions and expectations.These are all properties of a wicked problem (Camellias 2008), thus making the broken food system wicked.

The eNotes Blog At the Intersection of Poetry andMusic

At the Intersection of Poetry andMusic Four adaptations of poems set to music: some tender, some bizarre, all personal homages to poems and their masters. Enjoy! Im Nobody! Who Are You? by Emily Dickinson Composed by Israeli singer-songwriter Efrat Ben Zur. Im nobody! Who are you? Are you nobody, too? Then theres a pair of us dont tell! Theyd banish you know! How dreary to be somebody! How public like a frog To tell ones name the livelong day To an admiring bog! Sonnet 49 by Pablo Neruda The best loved love poet as sung by jazz artist Luciana Souza. Its today: all of yesterday dropped away among the fingers of the light and the sleeping eyes. Tomorrow will come on its green footsteps; no one can stop the river of the dawn. No one can stop the river of your hands, your eyes and their sleepiness, my dearest. You are the trembling of time, which passes between the vertical light and the darkening sky. To a Man Young and Old by William Butler Yeats A bit of an oddball, from the album Yeats is Greats by lo-fi San Francisco duo The Speakers. THOUGH nurtured like the sailing moon In beautys murderous brood, She walked awhile and blushed awhile And on my pathway stood Until I thought her body bore A heart of flesh and blood. But since I laid a hand thereon And found a heart of stone I have attempted many things And not a thing is done, For every hand is lunatic That travels on the moon. Open His Head by ee cummings Tin Hat performs one of their songs from the album The Rain is a Handsome Animal, which contains 17 songs inspired by ee cummings poetry. open his head,baby   youll  find  a heart in it (cracked) open that heart, mabel   youll  find  a bed in it (fact) open this  bed,sibyl   youll find a tart in it (wed) open the  tart,lady   youll  find  his mind in it (dead) (Feature Image via Unsplash)

Textile Machines Essays - Moneda, Free Essays, Term Papers

Textile Machines Essays - Moneda, Free Essays, Term Papers Textile Machines MAQUINAS TEXTILES EQUIPOS AUXILIARES COSTOS DE CONSTRUCCION COSTOS DE MOBILIARIOS Y EQUIPOS DE OFICINA COSTOS MISCELNEOS Total maquinas y equipos 2960000 $ Equipos auxiliares 1400000 $ Edificio 2500000 $ Mobiliario y equipos de oficina 50000 $ Gastos iniciales 750000 $ Gastos de flete y seguro (7% FOB) 207200 $ Gastos de flete y seguro (7% FOB) 98000 $ Vialidad interna, pared perimetral, accesos 140000 $ Entrenamiento del personal 699600 $ Transito, transporte interior y gastos de almacenamiento (2% FOB) 59200 $ Transito, transporte interior y gastos de almacenamiento (2% FOB) 28000 $ Pozo profundo, torre de agua, drenajes 112000 $ Asistencia tcnica de la compaa E 200000 $ Gastos de instalacin de maquinaria 221704 $ Gastos de instalacin de equipos auxiliares 104860 $ Apartaderos ferroviarios 150000 $ Intereses del capital 323000 $ Gastos de aduanas (1,65% CIF) 52258.8 $ Gastos de aduana (1,65% CIF) 24717 $ Planos y diseos 250000 $ Total maquinarias 3500362.8 $ Total equipos auxiliares 1655577 $ Total costos de construccin 3152000 $ Total gastos de mobiliario y oficina 50000 $ Total costos miscelaneos 1972600 $ NOTA: NOTA: Precio FOB 2960000 $ Precio FOB 1400000 $ Precio CIF 3167200 $ Precio CIF 1498000 $ Total pagado en moneda local 155799 $ Total pagado en moneda local 1975000 $ Total pagado en Moneda local 40000 $ Total pagado en Moneda local 1108680 $ Total pagado en moneda extranjera 3344563 $ Total pagado en moneda extranjera 1177000 $ Total pagado en moneda extranjera 10000 $ Total pagado en moneda extranjera 863920 $ COSTOS FIJOS Total costos fijos = 10.330.539 $ Total moneda extranjera = 7.051.060 $ Total moneda local = 3.279.479 $ Materia prima Sueldos y salarios Contingencia (textiles)1400 ton de lana sin procesar (locales)(730 $ por ton) 1022000 $ 268 operarios masculinos 150000 $ 10 % del costo total de maquinarias y equipos y del costo de mobiliario y equipos de oficina 670236.28 $ 100 ton de lana sin procesar (importadas)(2800 $ por ton) 2800000 $ 444 operarios femeninos 222000 $ 42 ton sobrantes de lana (locales)(1150 $ por ton) 48300 $ 18 supervisores 24000 $ 48 ton de fibras artificiales y sinteticas (importadas)(640 $ por ton) 30720 $ 44 tecnicos 88000 $ 425 ton de lana (importada) 1700000 $ 45 administrativos y personal de servicios 99000 $ (Productos qumicos)350 ton importadas de colorantes y otros productos qumicos. 220000 $ Beneficios sociales 116600 $ Total Precio FOB materia prima 5.821.020 $ Total gastos de sueldos y salarios 699600 $ Total en gastos de contingencia 670236.28 $ Gastos de flete y seguro 407471.4 $ Transito transporte interior y gastos de almacenamiento 116420.4 $ Gastos de aduana 102770 $ Gasto total en materia prima 6447681.8 $ Precio CIF 6228491.4 $ Total pagado en moneda extranjera 6228491.4 $ Total pagado en moneda extranjera 59080 $ Total pagado en moneda extranjera 670236.28 $ Total pagado en moneda local 219190.4 $ Total pagado en moneda local 640520 $ Total pagado en moneda local CAPITAL DE TRABAJO Inversin Moneda extranjera Moneda nacional Total Capital fijo 7.051.060 $ 3.279.479 $ 10.330.539 $ Capital de trabajo 6.957.807.68 $ 859.710.4 $ 7.817.518.08 $ Bibliography MAQUINAS TEXTILES EQUIPOS AUXILIARES COSTOS DE CONSTRUCCION COSTOS DE MOBILIARIOS Y EQUIPOS DE OFICINA COSTOS MISCELNEOS Total maquinas y equipos 2960000 $ Equipos auxiliares 1400000 $ Edificio 2500000 $ Mobiliario y equipos de oficina 50000 $ Gastos iniciales 750000 $ Gastos de flete y seguro (7% FOB) 207200 $ Gastos de flete y seguro (7% FOB) 98000 $ Vialidad interna, pared perimetral, accesos 140000 $ Entrenamiento del personal 699600 $ Transito, transporte interior y gastos de almacenamiento (2% FOB) 59200 $ Transito, transporte interior y gastos de almacenamiento (2% FOB) 28000 $ Pozo profundo, torre de agua, drenajes 112000 $ Asistencia tcnica de la compaa E 200000 $ Gastos de instalacin de maquinaria 221704 $ Gastos de instalacin de equipos auxiliares 104860 $ Apartaderos ferroviarios 150000 $ Intereses del capital 323000 $ Gastos de aduanas (1,65% CIF) 52258.8 $ Gastos de aduana (1,65% CIF) 24717 $ Planos y diseos 250000 $ Total maquinarias 3500362.8 $ Total equipos auxiliares 1655577 $ Total costos de construccin 3152000 $ Total gastos de mobiliario y oficina 50000 $ Total costos miscelaneos 1972600 $ NOTA: NOTA: Precio FOB 2960000 $ Precio FOB 1400000 $ Precio CIF 3167200 $ Precio CIF 1498000 $ Total pagado en moneda local 155799 $ Total pagado

Discussion Board 8-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Discussion Board 8-1 - Essay Example Computer is an important test instrument that helps in easy analysis of test results. Additional insight is that merging the various test and assessment tools can help in achieving accurate results about test-takers. In the future, counselors should advocate for creation of advanced computer software with capabilities of synchronizing with various tolls such as interviews, role-plays and case history data to perform quick analysis of results. Computer has proved to be an essential instrument for any kind of work. It has the capability of multitasking and processing large volumes of data at fast speed. It is for the reasons that there is need for development of software programs that can process interview results, case history data, and videos of role play, and perform analysis to produce accurate results about conditions affecting special groups (Cohen, Swerdlik & Sturman, 2013). The Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM) mostly used for individuals with co-occurring disorders should be installed in tablet and laptop computers for use during assessments. The installation should be in such a manner that computer process results upon marking of the items evident in

Ovarian Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Ovarian Cancer - Essay Example In this study, handling the need of being knowledgeable with regards the issues that involve the development of ovarian cancer among women is introduced through a processes examination and analysis of specific number of population who are to be observed with regards how they are responding to the procedures of the diet control approaches to be used in this research study. This study shall first and foremost introduce how ovarian cancer swipes the entire woman population around the world today. To support the said details, a research on the actual statistics comprising of the said details shall be presented along with the other mediums of explanation needed to make the issue clearly defined towards the readers. Through the in depth development of this research, it shall further be enumerated how much importance should be placed upon the understanding of women with regards their diet and how the said process actually affects the level of chances that they have in either preventing or incurring ovarian cancer in the future. It is through this that the researchers aim to open the minds of the readers towards the personal responsibility that they have towards their own safety from being afflicted by ovarian cancer. Although ovarian cancer (OC) occurs less frequently than breast or uterine cancer, it has the highest mortality rate of the gynecological cancers, comprising almost half of the deaths from these cancers (Bray, Sankila, Ferlay, & Parkin, 2002). In spite of improvements in screening and therapy, the five year survival rate is less than 30 percent (Berrino, 1999). In 2000, approximately 61,000 women were diagnosed with ovarian cancer and more than 39,000 died from the disease (Ferlay, Bray, Parkin, & Pisani, 2001) (See Appendix for a breakdown of National Cancer Institute statistics in the US). Due to the poor prognosis for ovarian cancer, it is imperative to discover effective methods of prevention as well as early diagnosis and treatment. It is also of the greatest importance to identify factors of influence, then develop intervention in the form of information dissemination. Background Overall Epidemiology Most cases of ovarian cancer (OC) occur sporadically (Schulz et al., 2004). However, approximately 10-20 percent of cases are believed to be hereditary. Females who inherit genetic mutations in the BRCA1 (Breast cancer stage 1) and BRCA2 (Breast cancer stage 2) genes have an increased risk of both ovarian cancer and breast cancer. Most of the women with these genes have one or more relatives with OC and/or breast cancer (Wooster & Weber, 2003). About 90 percent of all OC develops from epithelial cells that comprise the external surface of the ovaries (Bell, 1991). The current study uses the term ovarian cancer to refer to epithelial ovarian cancer unless otherwise noted. Most OC cases (85-90 percent) occur in postmenopausal females (Schulz et al, 2004). The etiology of the disease remains unclear. Nevertheless, the following two hypotheses have been proposed regarding disease causation: (a) The continuous ovulation hypothesis, and (b) the gonadotropin hypothesis (Edmundson, & Monaghan, 2001). The former hypothesis suggests that the number of cycles of ovulation may establish ovarian cancer risk by increasing the rate of cellular

Junk food Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Junk food - Assignment Example The researchers in this research paper set out to find out and verify whether the availability of junk food in schools was the reason that led to the obesity in these children. The research only focused on the children from fifth grade and only during school hours and depended on reports from the children and their parents on issues to do with exercises when at home which were bound to be biased or incomplete in some ways. The sample was of 9,380 children who were all in fifth grade in both public and private schools and who had started school in 1998. Data collected from them was that of BMI at the beginning and the end of the research period and the difference calculated. Data was also collected from parents, teachers and other school sources on things such as the children’s cognitive skills and abilities, their social wellbeing, emotional and physical wellbeing and development and especially on their physical activity both in school and at home which may change the results of the BMI in the long run. The data was collected in 2003 and 2004. Other than collection of data on BMI and physical activity, it was also collected on the amount of junk food consumed and the number of calories the junk food contained (Datar and Nicosia, 2012). The results indicated slight increases in BMI in these children from the calories intake of the junk food consumed in school. The physical activity also was very minimal both in school and at home based on the reports from the teachers, parents and the children themselves.

Italian Renaissance 1350-1550 AD Essay Example for Free

Italian Renaissance 1350-1550 AD Essay Italian Renaissance Art remains the basis of all subsequent Western art despite the shattering innovations of the past hundred years. The formulas for imagemaking that were perfected in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, particularly in Italy, are those that painters still rely upon and, more significantly, that have conditioned the way most of us continue to see and even to photograph the world. Cities in Italy still like to celebrate their distant heroes. So the Galleria dArte in Ferrara and the Getty work up their shows with commitment and skill. Women in Italian Renaissance Art fill a void in the history of art. In distinct contrast to other eras, particularly the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the Renaissance has until now been without a comprehensive examination of gender, representation, and identity. This work focuses on a single aspect of womens involvement in the Italian Renaissance Art. Since the time of Pythagoras, female/feminine and male/masculine have been defined in just such a comparative (or, more rightly, contradictive) relationship. As women continue to be integrated into all aspects of art history it is of critical importance that we do not lose sight of this strategy, for to do so would be to replace one skewed perspective with another. Women as a general category functions in western culture as the â€Å"absolute Other,† a necessary construction in contrast to which the male is able to define himself as rational, strong, productive, and authoritative. Womens historic problem in this male-oriented representation of the world is that there is no â€Å"Other of the Other†: woman has only male cultures projections of her identity on which to build her own subjectivity since the most forcefully organized category operating to define her is the category of the â€Å"not man† (Lacan 73). For early modern women this lack of a discourse defining them as anything but mans undesirable opposite bound together promiscuous and chaste women as different and yet the same in a sharing of essential gender limitations that did not impose itself in analogous ways on the male category. However, there is biblical argument, which draws chiefly on Romans and Galatians, the epistles in which St. Paul had wrestled with problems of religious status and hereditary privilege in the nascent Church. Agrippa uses Pauls discussion of Jews and Greeks to propose an analogous case for men and women, as the apostle himself suggests in Galatians 3:28. By this logic, the age of male dominance parallels the age of Jewish exclusiveness in salvation history; but when Christ established a new, more inclusive dispensation accepting Jews and Gentiles on equal terms, he meant at the same time to abolish gender privilege. The male priesthood, like Jewish Christians in the Pauline Church, is declared to have only a historical and by no means a spiritual priority. If male supremacy still prevails in spite of Christs intention, it is only because of the â€Å"hard-heartedness† of men, which women are entitled to judge and find wanting: Indeed, when men fall short and go astray, women have the power of judgment, to mens disgrace. Even the queen of Sheba is to judge the men of Jerusalem. Therefore all men who, being justified by faith, have become sons of Abraham, which is to say sons of the promise, are subjected to woman and bound by the command that God gave to Abraham, saying: â€Å"Whatever Sarah tells you, listen to her voice† (Chambers 152). Pieros women, spiritually and physically, are as robust as his architecture. In The Queen of Sheba, Piero della Francesca has created an ideal type, especially in his women, with long, thick necks, oval faces and strong chins. We can see Rossos eccentric humor in his drawing of a woman. The drawing is done in the manner of those exquisite female heads of Michelangelo. But whereas Michelangelos figures have an air of grace and dignity, Rossos woman peers bizarrely over her shoulder at the viewer. Rossos lady is suggestive of the frequent satire of women in Renaissance literature, as for example, in Machiavellis roughly contemporary novella, Belfagor. In this satirical tale by the brilliant author of the comedies La Mandragola and La Clizia, Machiavelli humorously indicates how even a devil cannot deal with woman, a situation also humorously illustrated by Bruegel in his Proverbs. The humor in Rossos drawing of a woman is expressed through the subtly playful treatment of physiognomy. This playful handling of facial expression is also evident in Rossos design for the Saturn and Philyra, which was engraved by Caraglio as part of the series of Loves of the Gods. If Raphael had already given a human quality to a horse in his St. George (Washington), Rosso now fully exploits this pathetic fallacy in his charmingly ridiculous image of a horse in love. The ambivalent humor in Bronzinos painting is especially apparent in the female figure, identified by Panofsky as Deceit, and by Levey, following Vasari, as Pleasure. She is a cunning invention: She offers a honeycomb with one hand while she hides a poisonous little animal in the other, and moreover the hand is attached to her right arm, that is the hand with the honeycomb is in reality a left hand, while the hand attached to her left arm is in reality a right one, so that the figure offers sweetness with what seems to be her â€Å"good† hand but is really her â€Å"evil† one, and hides poison in what seems to be her â€Å"evil† hand but is really her â€Å"good† one (Panofsky 226). This â€Å"perverted duplicity,† described perhaps not completely accurately but with mannered virtuosity by Panofsky, is related to the duplicity of Venus who steals the arrow from Cupid and to the perversion in the erotic embrace between mother and son. Michelangelos poem, which evokes the mocking tone of Lorenzo de Medicis Nencia da Barberino as well as the facetious poetry of Berni, would no doubt have been enjoyed by Shakespeare, who conceived of a similar, if more subtle, Petrarchan travesty, â€Å"My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun.† Michelangelos comic hag, with breasts like melons, also evokes the various hideous women in Renaissance art. She might be compared to the caricatured women in Leonardo da Vincis drawings and to the monstrous Ugly Woman of Quentin Metsys, who is closely related to the vain old women mocked by Erasmus in The Praise of Folly for wanting still â€Å"to play the goat.†

Use Of Water In Labour Health And Social Care Essay

Use Of Water In Labour Health And Social Care Essay A report was published in 1992 in The House of Commons regarding the provision of maternity services; it stated that all hospitals make it their policy to make provision wherever possible for women to choose the position which they prefer for labour and birth with the option of a birthing pool where is practicable (House of Commons Health Committee 1992). Water immersion was officially accepted in the UK in 1993 following the publication of the Changing Childbirth report (Department of Heath 1993). This report recommended that a pool facility should be available in all UK maternity units; professional recognition came about when the Royal College of Midwives (RCM, 1994) and the United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Heath Visiting (UKCC 1994) published statements in 1994 which integrated the immersion in water during labour into the midwifes role. Water immersion is now incorporated in the UK Midwifery Rules and Standards (2004). The current guidelines for labouring in water in Forth Valley are that the woman should be in established labour, determined as cervical dilation of a minimum of 4cm, be at least 37 weeks gestation, the presentation of the fetus should be cephalic and the fetal heart should be within normal parameters of 110 160 beats per minute, any liquor draining should be clear and no opiates should have been administered in the 4 hours proceeding entry to the pool (Paterson Hamilton, 2009). The water temperature should be 37 degrees; this should be checked hourly together with the temperature of the woman to ensure that she is not pyrexial (NICE, 2007). The woman must also have an uncomplicated obstetric history. At present the facility to labour in water is present in Stirling Royal Infirmary however there is currently only 1 labour room with a pool. This means that only 1 woman can labour or give birth in water at a time. All woman are offered the option of a water birth at their booking vis it however whether or not they will be able to labour or give birth in water will be dependant on the pool being vacant when they present in labour. The benefits of labouring in water are plentiful and is recommended in the NICE Guidelines for Intrapartum Care (2007); the buoyancy afforded by water allows the labouring woman to adopt comfortable positions easily and the water also provides a relaxing environment which assists pain relief due to the release of natural endorphins (Medforth et all, 2007). When a woman feels relaxed oxytocin is released which is required for successful contraction of the uterus and progress in labour; the reduction in feelings of stress will inhibit the production of adrenaline which if produced will hinder oxytocin production therefore slowing the progress of labour. Evidence suggests that the use of water in the first stage of labour empowers woman with an increased feeling of control over the situation she is experiencing (Hall Holloway, 1998) it also shown that as the womens perception of pain is reduced the need for epidural analgesia is lessened (Eberhard et all, 2005) as is the need for augme ntation by syntocinon (Cluett et all, 2004). Studies have shown that woman who give birth in the water have a reduced incidence of perineal trauma (Garland and Jones, 2000). This has been further supported by a clinical audit carried out in Corbar birth Centre, Baxter (2006) found that of 229 pool births 38% of woman had an intact perineum, 32% had a first degree tear, 29% sustained a second degree tear and only 1 woman suffered a third degree tear however this was the result of an accelerated second stage labour and the birth of a baby weighing in excess of 4.5 kg. The audit also showed that women who laboured in the pool but did not give birth had a reduced incidence of perineal trauma. Of the 75 woman 32% had a first degree tear, 31% had a second degree tear and again 1 woman suffered a third degree tear however 31% did require an episiotomy. It has been suggested that it is the atmosphere achieved that results in the positive experiences and outcomes for the woman who choose to use the pool through the continuous one to one care of the midwife, the woman centred approach to childbirth thus normalising the birthing experience. The student will now reflect on her experience of a water birth using Gibbs reflective cycle. I came onto an early shift on the 27 February and my mentor and I were allocated the care of a woman in established labour who had decided to labour in water. We entered the room where we were introduced to Sarah and her partner John. Sarah was a primigravida with an uncomplicated obstetric history and had been well throughout her pregnancy, her body mass index of 22 was within normal parameters. The staff midwife we were taking over from gave a handover, detailing what had happened since Sarah had arrived in the ward; Sarahs labour had commenced spontaneously at home at 41 weeks and 8 days gestation, at 2am that morning she had arrived in maternity triage for assessment; at 5am she had been transferred to the labour ward, at this time she was 3cm dilated and struggling to cope with the pain. Sarah wasnt keen to use pain relief other than entonox and the midwife providing her care had read i n her maternity notes that in the past few weeks that she had been considering labouring in water, therefore she suggested Sarah could try using the pool for pain relief; both the advantages and disadvantages were fully explained to Sarah and she was advised that if her own or the fetal condition deteriorated then she would be asked to leave the pool. Before going into the water Sarahs membranes had been ruptured artificially and following the procedure she was 5cm dilated at 6am, therefore she was in active labour and suitable for labouring in water. Upon taking over Sarahs care a set of baseline observations were carried out by myself, including a blood pressure, temperature, pulse and urinalysis. The fetal heart was heard regularly at 120 130 beats per minute (NICE, 2007). I also checked the water temperature which was 37 degrees. All observations were satisfactory; these were noted both on the partogram as well as the labour notes. Observations of temperature and pulse were carried out hourly, the water temperature was checked regularly and Sarahs blood pressure would be checked 4 hourly. The fetal heart was auscultated intermittently using a waterproof Doppler ultrasound. Sarah was using the entonox in the pool and although she was still finding the contractions painful she was coping well. Encouragement was given to Sarah during this time, reassuring her that she was doing fantastically and guidance on using the entonox effectively. The atmosphere in the room was relaxed and calm, John was also giving encouragement. At arou nd 8.30 am, 1 hour after taking over Sarahs care, she said reported that she was experiencing a burning sensation and was feeling the urge to push. The staff midwife put a mirror into the pool and the vertex was found to be visible at this stage. As per the protocol (2009) Sarah was advised to push when she felt the urge but to remember not to raise her bottom out of the water. Encouragement was given to Sarah when she was pushing, but no direction was given as directed pushing is not recommended for birth in water (Baston Hall, 2009). The babys head was delivered approximated 20 minutes later however the babys chin had not been seen as yet. The staff midwife put a hand into the pool to ensure that the chin was free and it was. A live female was delivered with the next contraction and was guided through Sarahs legs as she was in a kneeling position and brought up to her chest. The third stage of labour, the delivery of the placenta, was carried out on a Bradbury mattress as the protocol states that the placenta cannot be delivered in the pool (Paterson Hamilton, 2009). This is due the difficulty in assessing the estimated blood loss in water. Syntometrine was administered intra muscularly by the staff midwife and the placenta was delivered by controlled cord traction approximately 30 minutes after the birth of the baby. Sarah had advised that she would like the cord to stop pulsating before it was cut and clamped therefore Sarah had remained in the water until this had occurred. Sarah had a 2nd degree tear following the delivery and although it was not actively bleeding it was sutured by the staff midwife approximated 1 hour post delivery as is recommended in the guidelines (NHS QIS, 2008). The labour and birth were a beautiful and memorable experience as although it was evident that Sarah was in pain during the labour she was focused on birthing her baby. I felt very satisfied with the delivery as I felt Sarah had received the support and encouragement to have the experience of birth that she had strived for. The delivery underwater is amazing, I felt completely overwhelmed with how natural giving birth in water is as I had never experienced a water birth first hand. When reflecting on the experience I realised that upon taking over Sarahs care I had felt slightly nervous about how hands off a water birth is. The midwife is expected to basically observe both the labour and birth with the exception of carrying out the routine observations, checking and maintaining the temperature of the water and keeping the water as clear as possible with the use of a sieve. Since this experience I feel that the next time I am caring for a woman labouring or birthing in water I will fe el more confident as this is a natural and therapeutic method which increases the focus on normality in childbirth. The use of hydrotherapy has been encouraged as a method of analgesia for many years as a natural alternative to pharmacological pain relief (Jessiman Bryer, 2000). Water provides a dual benefit, heat alleviates muscle spasm and as a result of this pain is reduced and weightlessness lessens the effects of gravity therefore relieving the strain on the pelvis. Sarah was able to adapt her position easily whilst in the pool and spent the majority of her labour in a kneeling position thus facilitating the decent of the fetus (Fraser Cooper, 2009). The NMC (2007:3) states that You must recognise and the respect the contribution that people make to their own care and well being therefore if a woman wishes to labour and give birth in water it is the midwives duty to support her in this choice. Sarah had all the information in order to make an informed choice and felt that she had contributed to the care she received thus enhancing her satisfaction with her experience of labour. Eckert et al l (2001:84) concluded their randomised controlled trial with the outcome that woman who labour and give birth in water appeared more satisfied with their experience as was the case with Sarah. As a midwife advocacy is an important element of the role and it is important that midwives are advocates for the woman in their care in that they empower them with the knowledge to make informed choices regarding the care they receive (Garland, 2000). Although the use of water has been attributed to reduced perception of pain (Baxter, 2006) there is still insufficient evidence to support the use of water and studies have shown that there is no significant difference in the length of labour, blood loss or Apgar scores at birth (Cluett Burns, 2009). There have also been concerns surrounding the conditions of the neonate born in water; yet as stated there has been no evidence found to support this. In fact Thoni and Moroder (2004:47) have stated that a water birth presented no risk to the adaption of the neonate to extra-uterine life. It is however vital that the woman is removed from the water should the maternal or fetal condition become compromised (Geissbuehler et all, 2004). There was also the question of maternal and fetal hyperthermia; the suggestion that the woman should decide the temperature of the water (Anderson, 2004) was rejected when NICE (2007) advised that the water temperature should be below 37.5 degrees. It has h owever been shown that entry into the pool in the latent first phase of labour can be detrimental to progress, Eriksson (1997) found that woman who entered the pool at this stage had increased augmentation of labour as well as increased requirement for epidural analgesia, hence the protocol in Forth Valley that woman should be in established labour prior to entering the pool (Paterson Hamilton, 2009). In conclusion, it appears that there is currently insufficient evidence to support the positive effects of hydrotherapy in labour and birth; its use has been proven to have a relaxing effect on labouring woman who have reported feeling more satisfied with their experience. Evidence suggests that labouring in water does not make a significant difference to the length of labour; however the fact that the women who choose this method of pain relief report increased fulfilment should not be over looked. Further research would provide an evidence base for best practice. At present only women with an uncomplicated obstetric history are permitted entry to a birthing pool and further research is required to enable women with a variety of obstetric backgrounds to utilise a pool confidently. The question of the environment attained through hydrotherapy has arisen; do women feel increased satisfaction due to the woman centred, one to one approach to care received? It seems that this is a signif icant factor, and one which great emphasis should be placed upon. The role of the midwife is to be with women; this requires the midwife to be an advocate for the women in her care, it also requires her to provide the women with information to make informed choices regarding their care and to treat every woman as an individual, with individual concerns and needs. If hydrotherapy provides a platform for a natural approach to childbirth then it is one that should be encouraged.

Isaiah 10:1-6 The Hebrews Prophets: Isaiah & Amos :: essays research papers

Isaiah 10:1-6 The Hebrews Prophets "Woe to those who make unjust laws, to those who issue oppressive decrees , to deprive the poor of their rights and withhold justice from the oppressed of my people. Making widows their prey and robbing the fatherless. What will you do on the day of the reckoning, when disaster comes from afar? To whom will you run for help? Where will you leave your riches? Nothing will remain but to cringe among the captives, of fall among the slain.. Yet for all this his anger is not turned away. His hand is still upraised. â€Å"Woe to the Assyrian, the rod of my anger, in whose hand is the club of the wrath! I send him against a Godless nation, I dispatch him against a people who anger me, to seize loot and snatch, and to trample them down like mud in the streets." These writings, from the enscriptures of the bible some say philosophical, inspire mystery, wonder and the relation to how true they are. I have a monotheistic way of thinking, though the bible is said to be the writings of the way of life of Moses and the Hebrews, I am puzzled by how certain writings pertain to society, culture and the life of man and women today. As I try to decipher this passage in my own words of Isaiah. One is speaking of the oppression committed by man upon man. It is Jesus asking why man whom were created as brother and sister making unjustly laws...deprive the poor of their rights...withhold the justice from the oppressed of my people. I strongly believe there is a judgment day. For all the wrongs committed in society against one another and against oneself; as the sacred body that be. Harming thy brethren, killing thy neighbor, steeling. All to satisfy the wants for themselves. It is all competitive. Part of my heritage being of Blackfoot Indian descent, the way of life is to create and live life from the gifts of nature in which thy God provided. I can almost guarantee the society today living of monetary value, would not know how to survive if everything all of a sudden were taken away. A sudden exhausting rainfall, which flooded the cities, and devoured the homes, and cars, and other belongings. Some consider this to happen on Judgment Day or the day of Reckoning. As a punishment for man creating these evil doings. People today are so encompassed in the American Way of Living they cannot sacrifice for a minute to live without..forks, eating with thyne hands.

Plato/Socrates & St. Augustine Essay

The realm of the reasoning man, according to Plato in his work Phaedo, is extrapolated by Socrates, that is, a man who is within reason also must admit to the fundamental truths regarding life after death (the viewpoint of Plato in this paper will be seen through Socrates as Phaedo was written to express Plato’s viewpoint through Socrates, so, henceforth, whenever Socrates is mentioned it is Plato’s perspective). That is to say, in Socrates explanation of immortality, there remains the outlook that the body and the soul are not eternally combined; but the soul is grounded in the body through emotions, and feral states of humanity.   When the soul is released from such torpor, it then reclines back into its previous non-corporeal state to either rest, or to transform and reinvent itself in the world.   The soul, according to Socrates, is that which is in us that commands and it is the body that serves.   The following paper will explore the nature of good and evil as it is expressed through Plato/Socrates and Augustine.   There will be comparing and contrasting points on this issue. Augustine believes in the essential goodness of humanity; thus, with the incorporation of the soul as mentioned in Plato’s writing, it seems that both philosophers are in agreement thus far about the nature of humanity.   There are however varying degrees of good and evil.   In either philosopher it is not merely a question of good and evil but of reason in a man.   It is reasong that leads to the choice of good or evil.   Augustine believes for a reasonable person, the pursuit of power would be a safe action. However, one who served their own passions would be apt to sin. By maintaining, Augustine suggests, a well managed ideology and conception of moral value, the pursuit of power would be just as viable an option as piety.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Augustine intended to explain the principle source of sin was, in fact, intention. Through his interpretation of the fall of man, Augustine rationalized that the acts committed by Adam and Eve, the eating of the apple, were not the actual sins – but instead, the decision to eat the apple, and the commitment to the act was the point at which the sin occurred. However, with Plato’s writing, there is redemption for humanity.   With the idea of redemption being in need, both philosophers are admitting the proneness that humanity has for evil.   Plato suggests that the human soul is created out of divine will, and that anything created out of divinity is good. Thus, while St. Augustine’s intention marks humanity as evil, Plato’s soul marks them as capable of being good.   Plato believes that the soul is the image of divinity; in the soul there is found an unceasing existence of transformation.   The reasonable man must then accept the dichotomy of the body and soul, as well as accept their harmony he must distance the idea that the body and the soul are one.   The body is mortal, and can succumb to dissolution, but according to Plato, the soul is indissoluble.   Thus, according to Plato the human body is evil while the soul is good making a dichotomy of good and evil and the capacity for each in each human. The body commands emotions, and its fate lies within those external circumstances, that is nature, but the soul, in Socrates’ view is above nature.   The soul is a higher self.   As the introduction to Phaedo states, â€Å"The human being alone has the consciousness of truth and justice and love, which is the consciousness of God.   And the soul becoming more conscious of these, becomes more conscious of her own immortality† (23).   The soul hinges upon the realization that she is immortal.   In that consciousness, and in that state of being, there exists God, and all that is immortal and the goodness of humanity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore, Socrates is trying to define the perimeters of immortality, and the fact that a reasonable man cannot indubitably believe that the body and the soul will perish, but must in fact take credence to the soul existing at a higher level of existence, that is, at the level with God.   Socrates is placing a belief system in his dialectic, and in so doing he goes into analyzing the existence of God, or the intangible being that is the divine.   In Phaedo Socrates circulates his ideas around the immortality of the soul and the acceptance of this by the reasoning man on the basis of the dimension that God portrays. By dimension, suffice it to say that God, in divine right, is perfect.   It is in that perfection that man may find allusions to his reasoning, and by so doing, reason that since the soul is of God, then man himself is immortal, as Plato wrights, â€Å"An evil God, or an indifferent God might have had the power but not the will, to preserve us†¦But is he is perfect, he must will that all rational beings should partake of that perfection which he himself is† (23).   Life after death then is a certainty on a celestial level.    On this argument in Phaedo, Cebes states, â€Å"†¦knowledge is simply recollection, if true also necessarily implies a previous time in which we have learned now what we recollect.   But this would be impossible unless our soul had been in some place before existing in the form of man; here then is another proof of the soul’s immortality† (Plato 60).   Knowledge is something that is acquired through a previous experience.   A reasoning man can deduce that because he is of a reasonable mind he gained knowledge through previous experience.   The idea of mutating and changing, and being in a semi-transcendental state while in one’s body is something that is prevalent in Socrates’ philosophy. Augustine created this same room for a shift in the combining good and evil of the human body and the divine soul. By suggesting that intent was the source of sin, rather than actions themselves, one would be able to absolve himself of sin by believing that he was following a righteous path.   Thus Augustine’s philosophy suggests, as Plato suggests that there is redemption for humanity.   Both philosophers then meet an agreement point by expressing the truth of the evil nature of humanity.   Both philosophers agree that human nature is evil and it is only the soul which is found to be pure and by following that pure pathway of the soul/God, the evil nature, the body or intent, can be expiated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, while Augustine admitted to redemption for humanity through following the soul he also stated that, â€Å"apparently virtuous acts, like prayer, sacrifice, or the risk of one’s life could in fact stem from vicious, self-regarding motives† (Augustine).[1] This understanding called into question the root motivations of all people. However, looking at the actions of another, one could not see these motivations, and therefore, could not place judgment on their righteousness or validity.   It seems that as Augustine progressed in his philosophy he became more ambiguous as to whether or not humanity could be saved from their own evil intent because of their incapability of selflessness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Augustine spoke on this as well. There was no rational process by which one could judge the actions of another – other than one’s personal reason. Reason, therefore would become the most important of the human virtues. Augustine felt that reason, in the mind of any man, could not be corrupted by the passions of evil or by the sinful motivations of others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, the division point for each philosopher became whether or not humanity wanted to be good, as it were.   Plato states that the soul is good and that every person has a soul and thus a pathway to goodness and God, while Augustine also admitted to their being a soul he suggests that the human race was too selfish to follow that pathway because their evil intentions overruled their desire to be good. WORKS CITED Augustine.   â€Å"Confessions†.   R.S. Pine-Coffin.   Longman.   New Impression Edition.   2005. Hundert, E.J. â€Å"Augustine and the Sources of the Divided Self†. Political Theory. 20 No. 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (1992): 86-123 Plato.   Phaedo.     Ã‚